Age of Victoria Part Four -Industrial Revolution/Inventions 1867-1901

A version of Mucha's Zodiac calendar that he did for La Plume in 1897.

Victorian Age Inventions 1867-1901

1867- Karl Marx, Das Kapital. I/P Dynamite (TNT)

1868- I/P Traffic Light, Tungsten Steel, Typewriter

1869- Suez Canal completed. Transcontinental Railroad completed, 1st college football game-Rutgers 6 vs Princeton 4.

1870- Jules Verne, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. I/P Stock Ticker

1871- Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles.  Darwin, Descent of Man(Text). 

1873- Ashanti Revolt. I/P Barbed Wire

1874- Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative PM. Britain annexes Fiji Islands.

1875- Britain takes control of Suez Canal, creating a British protectorate over Egypt. Dakota gold find.

1876- Victoria proclaimed Empress of India. Belgium claims the African Congo, USA Centennial.  I/P-Telephone, Carpet Sweeper, National League (Baseball) founded

1877- Reconstruction ends. I/P Recorded Sound, Moving Pictures

1878-79- 2nd British-Afghan War.

1879- Zulu War. I/P Lightbulb 

1880- France claims Tunis. 1st Boer War. I/P Toilet Paper, Seismograph

Art Nouveau style appears

188-2 France took control of Algeria & claimed French Somaliland. American Chinese Exclusion Act. I/P Metal Detector, Standard Time Zones 

1884- Sudan Mahdi War. Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn (Text). I/P Rayon, Steam Turbine, Cash Register, Fountain Pen, Maxim Machinegun 

1884-1885- Germany established a protectorate over Southwest Africa, Togoland, Cameroons and East Africa. Britain claimed British Somaliland.

1885- Berlin Conference-Bismarck established “ground rules” for dividing Africa. 3rd Burma War. I/P Automobile, Rabies Vaccine

1886- Britain made Burma a province of India after winning the 3rd Anglo-Burma War.  Haymarket Riot, American Federation of Labor formed. I/P Dishwasher, Coca-Cola

1887- Britain claimed Nigeria. I/P Contact Lenses

1888- Kaiser Wilhelm II ascended to the throne of the German Empire. I/P Drinking Straw

1889- Italy claimed Italian Somaliland, Britain claimed Northern and Southern Rhodesia’s. I/P Cordite

1890- Kaiser Wilhelm II “retires” Otto von Bismarck, Britain established the colony of Uganda, Sherman Anti-trust Act.

1891- I/P Naismith creates Basketball at Springfield College Mass.

1892- I/P Reliable Internal Combustion Engine, Escalator

1893- France took Laos, with Cambodia & Vietnam the area is called French Indo-China. I/P Zipper

1894- Britain claims Zimbabwe. Sino-Japanese War, Japan took Taiwan from China and became a European style colonial power.

1895- Britain established the colony of Kenya, 1st Italian-Abyssinian War. I/P X-Rays

1896- Klondike Gold Rush

1896-99- English Sudanese War, England claims the entire Sudan.

1898- Britain obtains a 99-year lease for Hong Kong from China. Spanish American War-US “liberates” Cuba, takes Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines. US annexes Hawaii. Fashoda Incident-France and Britain divide all unclaimed North Africa. H.G. Wells, War of the Worlds. I/P Rollercoaster 

1899-1902- 2nd Boer War, Britain invents the concentration camp.

1899- 'Open Door Policy' in the Far East, 1st Hague Peace Conference. US annexes Wake Island. Freud, Interpretations of Dreams. I/P Vacuum Cleaner

1900- Boxer Rebellion-united armies of Europe & Japan crush the Chinese, capturing & looting Peking. US annexes American Samoa. I/P Zeppelin, Tractor

1901- Death of Victoria age 81. Aside from Ethiopia, Japan, Persia, Siam and parts of China the entire world is under European control. I/P Safety Razor, Radio Receiver

By 1910, Queen Victoria’s grandchildren were on the thrones of the following states:

Wilhem II, Kaiser of the German Empire, George V King of Great Britain, Emperor of India, Nikolai II Aleksandrovich, Tsar of All the Russia's, Maud Queen Consort of King Haakon VII of Norway, Sophie, Queen Consort of King Konstantinos I of the Hellenes, Marie, Queen Consort of King Ferdinand I of Romania, Victoria Eugenie, Queen Consort of King Alfonso XIII of Spain 

In addition, other grandchildren held the following major royal ranks:

11 were titled prince, 2 were titled princess royal, 8 were titled princess, 2 were titled Grand Duchess, 1 was titled Grand Duke, 2 were titled Duke, 1 was titled Countess and 2 were titled Marquess.

 I/P- Inventions/Patents

Age of Victoria Part Three- Industrial Revolution/Inventions 1800-1865

Colored pencil version of Much's 1898 Job cigarette paper ad.

19th Century Inventions/Patents 1800-1865

1800 I/P Volta-Battery, Jacquard-Silk Loom
1804 I/P Winzer-Gas Light (coal gas)
1806 I/P "French Press" Coffee Pot-inventor is disputed
1807 I/P Forsyth Caplock System for Firearms
1809 I/P Davy-Arc Lamp
1810 I/P Durard-Tin Can
1814 I/P Stephenson-Steam Locomotion, Fraunhofer-Spectroschope & Niepce-1st Photograph (camera obscura)
1815 Davy-Miners Lamp 
1817 Baron von Drais-Velocipede (pre--bicycle)

1819 I/P Laennec-Stethoscope
1824 I/P Faraday Toy Balloons & Aspdin Portland Cement

1825 Erie Canal. I/P Sturgeon-Electromagnet
1827 I/P Walker-Safety Matches & Wheatstone-Microphone

1828 I/P 1st US Railroad-B & O. 
1829 I/P Braille-Printing for the blind
1831 I/P McCormick-Reaper & Sturgeon-Electric Dynamo
1833 I/P Morse-Telegraph 
1835 I/P Merrick-Wrench & Babbage-Mechanical Calculator

1836 I/P Colt-Revolver & Ericsson & F.P. Smith-Propeller 
1837- I/P Hill-Postage Stamp

1839 Poe: "Fall of the House of Usher." I/P Goodyear-Vulcanized Rubber, Daguerreotype-Photography & Grove-Hydrogen Fuel Cell
1840 I/P Herschel-Blueprint
1841 I/P Slocum-Stapler

1843 I/P Perkins-Ice Maker-Refrigeration

1845 I/P Morton-Anesthesia, Howe-Sewing Machine & Thompson-Pneumatic Rubber Tire
1947 Marx and Engels: "The Communist Manifesto(Text)" I/P Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis-Antiseptics & “germ” theory of infection

1849 Henry David Thoreau: "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience" 

1850 I/P Hunt-Safety Pin 

1852 I/P Foucault-Gyroscope & Singer-Sewing Machine
1853 I/P Cayley-Glider
1854 I/P Tyndall-Principles of Fiber Optics

1856  I/P Cayley-Glider Pasteur-Pasteurization & Bessemer-Steel Process

1857 I/P Pullman Sleeping Car
1858 I/P H.Smith-Washing Machine & Lenoir-Coal Gas Internal Combustion Engine

1859 "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin is published and promotes the theory of "natural selection."  I/P 1st Steam Powered Ironclad "Glori," Imperial French Navy

1860  I/P Silliman, Jr. Cracking(distillation)

1861  I/P Otis-Elevator & Yale-Cylinder Lock

1862 I/P Gatling-Machine Gun, Parkes 1st Man Made Plastic & USS Monitor, 1st Turreted Ironclad Warship
1863 I/P French "Boneshaker" Pedal Bicycle possibly by Lallement

1865 Lewis Carroll: "Alice in Wonderland(Text)"

Age of Victoria Part Two-Political 1868-1901

 

Victorian Era Events 1861-1901

1861 Victor Emmanuel II proclaimed King of Italy. 

1862 Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister of Prussia. 

1863-67 France occupies Mexico. Homestead Act.

1864 Danish-Prussian War results in quick Prussian victory. Prussia and Austria respectively rule Schleswig and Holstein. 

1866 Austro-Prussian War breaks out over the Austrian administration of Holstein. Prussian victory in seven weeks. 3rd Māori War. 3rd Italian War for Independence.

1867 Dual Monarchy established in a compromise between Austria and Hungary. US purchases Alaska claims Aleutian Islands & annexes Midway Island. 

1869 Japanese Boshin War, Suez Canal completed. Transcontinental Railroad completed.

1870 the Italian state annexed Rome. Italian unification completed. France declares war on Prussia over Ems dispatch. France was defeated at Sedan and Emperor Napoleon III captured.  Third French Republic proclaimed. 

1871 Proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles.  

1873 3rd Anglo-Ashanti War.

1874 Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative PM. Britain annexed Fiji Islands.

1875 Britain took control of the Suez Canal, creating a British protectorate over Egypt. Dakota Gold Rush.

1876 Victoria proclaimed Empress of India. Belgium claimed the African Congo. 

1877 Reconstruction ends. 

1878-79 2nd British-Afghan War.

1879 Zulu War. 

1880 France claims Tunis. 1st Boer War. Art Nouveau style appears

1882 Anglo-Egyptian War, France controlled Algeria, claiming French Somaliland. Chinese Exclusion Act.

1884 Sudan Mahdi War. 

1884-1885 Germany established a protectorate over Southwest Africa, Togoland, Cameroons and East Africa. Britain claims British Somaliland, Sino-Franco War.

1885 Berlin Conference-Bismarck establishes “ground rules” for dividing Africa. 3rd Burma War. Serbo-Bulgarian War

1886 Britain made Burma a province of India after winning the 3rd Anglo-Burma War.  Haymarket Riot, American Federation of Labor formed. 

1887 Britain claims Nigeria. 

1888 Kaiser Wilhelm II ascends to the throne of the German Empire. 

1889 Italy claimed Italian Somaliland, Britain claimed Northern and Southern Rhodesia’s. 

1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II “retires” Otto von Bismarck, 1st Fanco-Dahomean War, Britain established the colony of Uganda, Ghost Dance War, Sherman Anti-trust Act.

1892 2nd Franco-Dahomean War.

1893 Franco-Siamese War, France takes Laos, with Cambodia & Vietnam the area is called French Indochina. 

1893-94 1st Matabelle-Spanish War.

1894 Britain claims Zimbabwe. 1st Sino-Japanese War, Japan takes Taiwan from China, becoming a European style colonial power.

1895 Britain established the colony of Kenya, 1st Italian-Abyssinian War. 

1896 Anglo-Zanzibar War.

1895-96 4th Anglo-Ashanti War.

1896-99 English Sudanese War, England claims the entire Sudan.

1897 Greco-Turkish War

1898 Britain obtains a 99-year lease for Hong Kong from China. Spanish American War-US “liberates” Cuba, takes Puerto Rico, Guam & Philippines. US annexes Hawaii. Fashoda Incident-France and Britain divide all unclaimed North Africa. 

1899-1902 2nd Boer War, Britain invents the concentration camp.

1899 'Open Door Policy' in the Far East, 1st Hague Peace Conference. US annexes Wake Island. 

1899-1913 Philippine-American War

1900 5th Anglo-Ashanti War (War of the Golden Stool), Boxer Rebellion-united armies of Europe & Japan crush the Chinese, capturing & looting Peking. US annexes American Samoa. 

1901 Death of Victoria age 81. Aside from Ethiopia, Japan, Persia, Siam and parts of China the entire world is under European control. 

By 1910 Queen Victoria’s grandchildren were on the thrones of the following states:

Wilhem II, Kaiser of the German Empire, George V King of Great Britain, Emperor of India, Nikolai II Aleksandrovich, Tsar of All the Russia's, Maud Queen Consort of King Haakon VII of Norway

Age of Victoria Part One- Political 1818-1867

 

19th Century World Events 1819-1867 Age of Victoria Begins

1819 Birth of Victoria. US annexes Florida. 

1820 "Missouri Compromise"
1823 "Monroe Doctrine."

1825 Erie Canal.

1828 Greece gains its independence (lost in 338 B.C.). 
1833 Great Britain Abolishes Slavery

1836 Texas gains its independence from Mexico. 

1837 William IV dies, accession of Queen Victoria. age 18; Britain refuses to grant more home rule in Canada, leading to the Rebellions of 1837.

1840 Britain claims New Zealand, 1st Opium War (Britain vs China).

1841-42 1st British-Afghan War (total destruction of the invading English Army of 16,000).

1843 Britain claims Natal, 1st Māori War. 

1845 US forces Japan to open to foreign trade, Japanese chose to copy European concepts, & technologies-especially military. US annexes Texas.

1845-1850 Potato Famine in Ireland 1/3 of the population dies 1/3 immigrates (largely to the USA).

1846-48 Mexican American War. 

1848 Year of Revolutions, French 2nd Republic proclaimed, California Gold Rush.

1848-1864 Taiping Rebellion kills between 25 and 30 million Chinese.

1849 England annexes Punjab.

1850 "1850 Compromise."

1852 2nd Burma War. Napoleon III becomes Emperor of France. 

1853-1856 Crimean War: Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire vs. Russia. Russia's expansion into the Balkans is blocked and the 'Concert of Europe' destroyed.

1856 The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War, 2nd Opium War (GB & Fr vs China), Britain vs Persia War. 

1857-59 Sepoy or Indian Mutiny. 

1858 Victoria proclaims permanent British rule of India. Colorado gold & silver finds.

1859 War of Piedmont and France against Austria. 

1860 Garibaldi lands his forces in Sicily invades southern Italy. These southern states join the northern union forged by Piedmont under the direction of Camillo Cavour. 2nd Maori War. 

1861-1865 American Civil War.

1861 Victor Emmanuel II proclaimed King of Italy. 

1862 Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister of Prussia. 

1863-67 France occupies Mexico. Homestead Act.

1864 Danish-Prussian War results in quick Prussian victory. Prussia and Austria respectively rule Schleswig and Holstein. 

1866 Austro-Prussian War breaks out over the Austrian administration of Holstein. Prussian victory in seven weeks. 3rd Māori War. 

1867 Dual Monarchy established in a compromise solution between Austria and Hungary. US purchases Alaska claims Aleutian Islands & annexes Midway Island.